identity management, transaction processing, documenting provenance, food

traceability, voting, medical records, automated escrow, music distribution, and

VISA-MASTERCARD-SWIFT

Setting-up of centers of excellence

Every college/ institute/ university faculty should set-up a CoE with the

following capabilities and facilities: Establish Ethereum Node, Ethereum

Mining, White Labeled Crypto Exchange Software Implementation, Solidity

Development Lab creation, and Proj ects—

to start with Education domain

Research

The important research areas and topics are distributed consensus and fault

tolerance mechanisms, security, privacy and trust of blockchain and distributed

ledger technology, decentralization, scalability, and security tradeoff,

performance analysis and optimization, simulation and performance evaluation

techniques, smart contract and chaincode, applications and services based on

blockchain, protocols and algorithms based on blockchain, blockchain in the

Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain in cyber-physical systems, blockchain in

social networking, blockchain in supply chain management, blockchain in

agriculture, blockchain in connected and autonomous vehicles, blockchain in

crowdsourcing and crowdsensing, blockchain in mobile cellular networks,

blockchain in edge and cloud computing, and blockchain in next-generation

communications and networks.

Figure 7.3 shows Blockchain patent applications per year:

Figure 7 .3: Blockchain patent applications per year

Figure 7.4 shows the top holders of blockchain patents: